Ahoɔhene

Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu

Ahoɔhene (Itch a wɔsan nso frɛ no Pruritus) yɛ atinka a ɛde ntitiiɛ a ano yɛ den ba.^[1] Ahoɔhene nam akwan ahodoɔ so ɛnye ntomu sɛ ɛyɛ atinka mu ahodoɔ no baako. Ahoɔhene ne yaw sesɛ,na sɛdeɛ ne mmienu nyinaa wɔ atinka a ɛnyɛ anigyeɛ no, wɔn suban nso yɛ soronko. Yaw de nnyesoɔ a w’ani nkɔ so ba, na ahoɔhene nso de nnyesoɔ a ɛno ara ankasa ma w’ani kɔ so.^[2]

Nhoma a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu a ɛma wonya ahoɔhene ne yaw ho atinka no nyinaa firi wedeɛ no mu.Sɛdeɛ wɔsi nya nsɛm no wɔ akwan mmienu so no, wɔn nyinaa no de saa nhoma no ne spinothalamic tract yɛ adwuma.^[3]

Nkyekyɛmu

Mpɛn pii no, yɛhunu ahoɔhene wɔ baabi faako. Na sɛ wohunu ahoɔhene wɔ nipadua no mu nyinaa a, ɛno na wɔfrɛ no ahoɔhene a ɛsi nipadua no mu nyinaa no anaa sɛ generalized pruritus no. Ahoɔhene a ɛsi nipadua no mu nyinaa no wɔ mpopoeɛ binom a ano yɛ den pa ara, ɛbi te sɛ yareɛ a wɔfrɛ no cholestatic liver disease no. Sɛ wo ho kɔ so ara yɛ wo hene bɛyɛ nnawɔtwe nsia, anaa sɛ ɛboro saa a, ɛno na wɔfrɛ no ahoɔhene koankorɔ no anaa sɛ koankorɔ pruritus no.^[4] Koankorɔ idiopathic pruritus anaa koankorɔ pruritus a wɔnnim n’abɔseɛ no yɛ ahoɔhene a ɛtumi di boro nnawɔtwe nsia a worentumi nkyerɛ deɛ ɛde baeɛ pɔtee.^[5]^[6]

Abakɔsɛm

Ɛwɔ afe apem ahansia ne aduosia(1660) , ɛyɛ German onimdefoɔ a wɔfrɛ no Samuel Hafenreffer de nkyerɛmu a ɛfa pruritus ahoɔhene ho baeɛ.^[7]

Mpopoeɛ

Yaw ne ahoɔhene, wɔn nyinaa nneyɛeɛ no nyɛ pɛ. Yaw de nnyesoɔ a ɛno ara ma nipadua no nya atinka no, na ɛsan nso wɔ nneɛma binom a ɛtumi bɔ nipadua a ɛreyɛ adi dɛm no ho ban. Ahoɔhene nso wɔ atinka a ɛno ara ma nipadua no nya, na ɛtwe nipa no adwene kɔ faako a ahoɔhene no wɔ no so. Sɛ adeɛ foforɔ bi ka wedeɛ no a, ahoɔhene wɔ atinka a ɛyɛ hare a ɛma woyi saa adeɛ no firi wedeɛ no ani. Sɛ ebia,woretiti wo ho yɛ kwan a wobɛtumi afa so ayi mmoa a nkasɛe nni wɔn mu no afiri wedeɛ no ani.

Deɛ ɛde ba

Infectious

Body louse,a wɔwɔ adeɛ a nkwa wɔ mu no
Cutaneous larva migrans, wedeɛ ani yareɛ a nsonsono de ba
Head lice, sɛ ɛkɔyɛ wo kɔn ne wo kɔn akyi a
Herpes, yareɛ a mmoawa de ba
Insect bites, ɛbi te sɛ deɛ ntontom de ba no
Pubic lice, sɛ ɛkɔyɛ wo kokoam beaeɛ a
Scabies, ɛnkanka sɛ wone nnipa a wɔwɔ ahoɔhene bɛhyia
Shaving, ɛno nso tumi ma wo wedeɛ ani yɛ wo hene
Swimmer's itch, honam mu nkekaeɛ a ɛnkyɛ
Varicella, sɛ ebia. buropete, a ɛtaa yɛ mmɔfra nketewa na ɛsae pa ara nso.
Tungiasis, mmoa a wɔdidi wedeɛ no ani.

Nsɔano

Nnuro ahodoɔ pii na ɛwɔ dwa so. Nnubena binom wɔ hɔ a wɔahunu sɛ ɛtumi sɔ ahoɔhene ano, ɛbi nso ntumi. Ɔkwan foforɔ a wɔtumi fa so a ɛnfa nnuro ho ne sɛ wobɛma onwunu aka no, wobɛma no ayɛ hye kakra, na afei sɛ wobɛyɛ no bɔkɔɔ. Nnuro ahodoɔ a ayɛ sɛ nku nso wɔ dwa so.

Aduro a wɔfrɛ no Oral anti-itch nso wɔ dwa so a wɔagye ato mu sɛ ɛyɛ.Mpɛn pii no ahoɔdenuro a ɛwɔ mu no ka deɛ ɛdidisoɔ yi ho:

Antihistamines, ɛbi te sɛ diphenhydramine(Benadryl)^[8]
Corticosteroids, ɛbi te sɛ hydrocortisone topical cream;hwɛ topical steroid
Conterirritants, ɛbi te sɛ mint oil, menthol, anaa sɛ camphor ^[9]
Crotamiton(trade name Eurax) yɛ antipruritic aduro a ɛyɛ nku, na mpɛn pii no wɔde hwɛ wedeɛ ani yareɛ a wɔfrɛ no scabies no. Ɔkwan a ɔfa so yɛ n’adwuma no, wɔnnim.
JAK inhibitors, sɛ ebia ruxoltinib topical cream;hwɛ topical JAK inhibitor
Local anesthetics, sɛ ebia benzocaine topical cream(Lanacane)

Afei sɛ wobɛtwa faako a ahoɔhene no wɔ no mfonini ahwɛ sɛdeɛ ɛsi teɛ no yɛ ma ahoɔhene a ano yɛ den pa ara no, ɛnkanka sɛ ɛyɛ koankorɔ yareɛ no bi a. Kanea a wɔde yɛ adwuma ne UVB.^[10]

Ɛpidɛmiolɔgyi

Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ nnipa ɔpepem ahanu ne aduowɔtwe wiase afana nyinaa a ɛyɛ nnipa dodoɔ no ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu nnan(4%)wɔ ahoɔhene ho haw.Wɔde toto yareɛ a wɔfrɛ no psoriasis a,ɛbɛyɛ sɛ nnipa dodoɔ no ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu mmienu de kɔsi mmiɛnsa(2-3%).

Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ

↑ Hjalte H. Andersen, Jesper Elberling, Lars Arendt-Nielsen (2015-06-08), "Human Surrogate Models of Histaminergic and Non-histaminergic Itch", Acta Dermato-Venereologica (in English), vol. 95, no. 7, pp. 771–777, doi:10.2340/00015555-2146, ISSN 1651-2057, retrieved 2024-06-28{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Akihiko Ikoma, Martin Steinhoff, Sonja Ständer, Gil Yosipovitch, Martin Schmelz (2006-07), "The neurobiology of itch", Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 535–547, doi:10.1038/nrn1950, ISSN 1471-003X, PMID 16791143, retrieved 2024-06-28 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Malcolm W. Greaves, Nedha Khalifa (2004-10), "Itch: more than skin deep", International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 166–172, doi:10.1159/000080898, ISSN 1018-2438, PMID 15375326, retrieved 2024-06-28 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Ian P. Harrison, Fabrizio Spada (2019-07-18), "Breaking the Itch–Scratch Cycle: Topical Options for the Management of Chronic Cutaneous Itch in Atopic Dermatitis", Medicines, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 76, doi:10.3390/medicines6030076, ISSN 2305-6320, PMC 6789602, PMID 31323753, retrieved 2024-06-28
↑ Stephen Erickson, Zachary Nahmias, Ilana S. Rosman, Brian S. Kim (2018-07), "Immunomodulating Agents as Antipruritics", Dermatologic Clinics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 325–334, doi:10.1016/j.det.2018.02.014, ISSN 1558-0520, PMID 29929604, retrieved 2024-06-28 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Janice L. Hinkle, Kerry H. Cheever (2018-08-30), Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (in English), Wolters kluwer india Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-93-87963-72-6, retrieved 2024-06-28
↑ Dermatology | WorldCat.org (in English), retrieved 2024-06-28
↑ Andrea Andrade, Chii Yang Kuah, Juliana Esther Martin-Lopez, Shunjie Chua, Volha Shpadaruk, Gloria Sanclemente, Juan Va Franco (2020-01-25), "Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin", The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. CD013128, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013128.pub2, ISSN 1469-493X, PMC 6984650, PMID 31981369, retrieved 2024-06-28{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Jana Hercogova (2005), "Topical anti-itch therapy", Dermatologic Therapy, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 341–343, doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.00033.x, ISSN 1396-0296, PMID 16297007, retrieved 2024-06-28
↑ Khaled F. El Mulla, Doaa E. Khalifa, Rasha I. Gawish, Marwa E. Eldeeb (May–Aug 2023), "Phototherapy versus pregabalin in treatment of chronic kidney disease associated pruritus: randomized controlled study", Journal of the Egyptian Women’s Dermatologic Society (in American English), vol. 20, no. 2, p. 81, doi:10.4103/jewd.jewd_50_22, ISSN 2090-2565, retrieved 2024-06-28{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[1] Hjalte H. Andersen, Jesper Elberling, Lars Arendt-Nielsen (2015-06-08), "Human Surrogate Models of Histaminergic and Non-histaminergic Itch", Acta Dermato-Venereologica (in English), vol. 95, no. 7, pp. 771–777, doi:10.2340/00015555-2146, ISSN 1651-2057, retrieved 2024-06-28{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[2] Akihiko Ikoma, Martin Steinhoff, Sonja Ständer, Gil Yosipovitch, Martin Schmelz (2006-07), "The neurobiology of itch", Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 535–547, doi:10.1038/nrn1950, ISSN 1471-003X, PMID 16791143, retrieved 2024-06-28 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[3] Malcolm W. Greaves, Nedha Khalifa (2004-10), "Itch: more than skin deep", International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, vol. 135, no. 2, pp. 166–172, doi:10.1159/000080898, ISSN 1018-2438, PMID 15375326, retrieved 2024-06-28 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[4] Ian P. Harrison, Fabrizio Spada (2019-07-18), "Breaking the Itch–Scratch Cycle: Topical Options for the Management of Chronic Cutaneous Itch in Atopic Dermatitis", Medicines, vol. 6, no. 3, p. 76, doi:10.3390/medicines6030076, ISSN 2305-6320, PMC 6789602, PMID 31323753, retrieved 2024-06-28

[5] Stephen Erickson, Zachary Nahmias, Ilana S. Rosman, Brian S. Kim (2018-07), "Immunomodulating Agents as Antipruritics", Dermatologic Clinics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 325–334, doi:10.1016/j.det.2018.02.014, ISSN 1558-0520, PMID 29929604, retrieved 2024-06-28 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[6] Janice L. Hinkle, Kerry H. Cheever (2018-08-30), Brunner and Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (in English), Wolters kluwer india Pvt Ltd, ISBN 978-93-87963-72-6, retrieved 2024-06-28

[7] Dermatology | WorldCat.org (in English), retrieved 2024-06-28

[8] Andrea Andrade, Chii Yang Kuah, Juliana Esther Martin-Lopez, Shunjie Chua, Volha Shpadaruk, Gloria Sanclemente, Juan Va Franco (2020-01-25), "Interventions for chronic pruritus of unknown origin", The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. CD013128, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013128.pub2, ISSN 1469-493X, PMC 6984650, PMID 31981369, retrieved 2024-06-28{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[9] Jana Hercogova (2005), "Topical anti-itch therapy", Dermatologic Therapy, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 341–343, doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.00033.x, ISSN 1396-0296, PMID 16297007, retrieved 2024-06-28

[10] Khaled F. El Mulla, Doaa E. Khalifa, Rasha I. Gawish, Marwa E. Eldeeb (May–Aug 2023), "Phototherapy versus pregabalin in treatment of chronic kidney disease associated pruritus: randomized controlled study", Journal of the Egyptian Women’s Dermatologic Society (in American English), vol. 20, no. 2, p. 81, doi:10.4103/jewd.jewd_50_22, ISSN 2090-2565, retrieved 2024-06-28{{citation}}: CS1 maint: date format (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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