Eugenia aromatica

Krɔɔs yɛ nnua bi a ɛwɔ abusua Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum (/sɪˈzɪdʒiːəm ˌærəˈmætɪkəm/) mu nhwiren a ɛyɛ huamhuam. Wonya fi Maluku Islands, anaa Moluccas, wɔ Indonesia, na wɔtaa de di dwuma sɛ nnuhwam, nnuhwam, anaa aduhuam wɔ nneɛma te sɛ toothpaste, sesee, anaa ntade mu. Nkyea gu hɔ afe no nyinaa esiane nnɔbae bere a ɛsono wɔ aman ahorow mu nti.

Etymology

Asɛmfua clove, a wɔde dii dwuma wɔ Borɔfo kasa mu wɔ afeha a ɛto so 15 mu no, fi Middle English clow of gilofer, Anglo-French clowes de gilofre ne Old French clou de girofle, a efi Latin asɛmfua clavus "nail" mu. Engiresi asɛmfua gillyflower, a mfitiase no na ɛkyerɛ "nnuaba" no fi via Old French girofle ne Latin caryophyllon, a efi Greek karyophyllon "nnuaba", a nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne "nnuaba".

Nkyerɛkyerɛmu

Nkyea dua no yɛ dua a ɛso yɛ frɔmfrɔm a ne tenten yɛ mita 8 - 12 (26 -39 ft), a n'ahaban akɛse ne nhwiren kɔkɔɔ a wɔakyekyere wɔn ho wɔ nnua no mu. Mfitiase no, nhwiren no yɛ tuntum, na nkakrankakra no dan ahabammono, na sɛ bere adu sɛ wotwa a, na adan kɔla kɔkɔɔ. Wɔtwetwe nnuaba a ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita 1.5 - 2 (5⁄8 - 3⁄4 mu), na ɛwɔ kuruwa tenten bi a ne ntini yɛ anan, ne nhwiren anan a wɔntwetwee mu a ɛbom yɛ amansan ketewa bi. Nkyea no yɛ nkyea nketenkete a ɛwɔ nhwiren no mu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ne nhwiren no mu akyekyɛ. Wɔn anim yɛ kɔkɔɔ, wɔn anim yɛ atɛkyɛ, na wɔn anim yɛ ntontom, na wɔn anim yɛ ntontom kakra, na wɔn anim yɛ nnua. Ananthophylli yɛ nnuaba a abere a ɛwɔ nnuaba mu a ɛyɛ egg, brown berries, unilocular ne one-seeded. Nhwiren a ahyehyew no yɛ nhwiren a ahyehyew ne nhwiren a ahyehyew no nyinaa afi mu. Sɛ wotwa nnuaba a wɔagugu mu a, wɔtwe ngo no fa kɛse no ara fi mu. Wonni ngo, na wɔn kɔla yɛ kusuu.

Nea wɔde di dwuma

Wɔde nkateɛ di dwuma wɔ Asia, Afrika, Mediterranea, ne Near ne Use Middle East aman nnuan mu, na ɛma nam (te sɛ ham a wɔato), curry, ne marinade, ne nnuaba yɛ dɛ te sɛ aduaba, aduaba, ne rhubarb). Wobetumi de nnuhwam agu nsa a ɛyɛ hyew mu, na wɔtaa de nnuhwam ne asikre ka ho. Wɔyɛ nneɛma a wɔtaa de ka nnuan ahorow ho (te sɛ Malay rempah empat beradik -"nnepa nnuan anan" - a ɛyɛ kanea, kardamom ne nsoromma anise ka ho, a nea ɛka ho ne aburokyiri mu nnuhwam ne nnuhwam. Wɔ Mexicofo nnuan mu no, wɔfrɛ no clavos de olor, na wɔtaa de kumin ne sinamɔn ka ho. Wɔsan de di dwuma wɔ Perufo nnuan ahorow mu, te sɛ carapulcra ne arroz con leche. Eugenol yɛ nnuhwam bi a ɛma nnuhwam no yɛ dɛ, na nnuhwam no dodow a ehia no sua. Ɛne sinamɔn, afasebiri, vanilla, bobesa kɔkɔɔ, basil, aduaba, citrus ho nhwi, nsoromma anise, ne atoko kɔkɔɔ bom yɛ papa.

Nneɛma a ɛnyɛ nnuan a wɔde noa aduan Mpɛn pii no, wɔde ka betel quids ho de hyɛ ne hua no mu den bere a wɔrenoa no. Wɔde nnuhwam no yɛ sigaret bi a wɔfrɛ no kretek wɔ Indonesia. Na wɔnom nnuhwam sigaret wɔ Europa, Asia, ne United States nyinaa. Seesei wɔ United States no, wɔde nnuhwam a wɔde yɛ sigaret no toto sigaret a wɔde nnuhwam ayɛ a wɔabara no ho wɔ September 2009 mu. Wobetumi de krasin ngo adi dwuma de asiw ntontom a enyin wɔ nnuan ahorow mu no kwan. Wɔ nnɔbaeɛ a ɛnnyɛ nnuane a wɔde di dwuma yi akyi no, wɔde di dwuma de bɔ nnua ho ban wɔ amammerɛ mu agyapadeɛ ho ban mu, na wɔdaa no adi sɛ nnɔbaeɛ a ɛwɔ nnɔbaeɛ a ɛwɔ nnɔbaeɛ mu no yɛ adwuma yie sen boron a wɔde di dwuma de bɔ nnua ho ban. Sɛ wɔde nnuhwam bi ne aprɛ ka ho a, wotumi de nnuhwam no yɛ pomander. Sɛ wɔde pomander a ɛte saa ma sɛ akyɛde wɔ Victoria bere so wɔ England a, na ɛkyerɛ nkate a emu yɛ hyew.

Aduru a wobetumi de adi dwuma wɔ ayaresa mu ne nsunsuanso bɔne a ebetumi aba U.S.

. Aduane ne Nnuro Adwumakuo no mmaa kwan sɛ wɔde nnuhwam no di dwuma sɛ aduro, na sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ akwahosan mu yare, mogya a ɛrehyehye ne wɔn akwahosan a ɛko tia nyarewa, anaa aduan a wɔn ani nnye ho di no de di a, ebetumi ama wɔn ani awu. Wɔde nkwanomam yɛ adwuma wɔ atetesɛm mu sɛ ngo a ɛho hia, a wɔde di dwuma sɛ anodyne (aduru) titiriw wɔ nsonoe a ɛda . Adanse bi wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ eugenol a ɛwɔ nnuaba ngo mu no yɛ adwuma wɔ ɛyaw a ɛrehaw ɔtwɛre ne ɛyaw afoforo mu, na nhwehwɛmu bi nso kyerɛe sɛ eugenol ne zinc oxide a wɔde di dwuma sɛ ano aduru wɔ alveolar osteitis mu no yɛ adwuma yiye. Nnuane mu ngo tumi siw Enterococcus faecalis mmoawa a ɛtaa ba wɔ ntini mu yare mu no kwan. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe sɛ wɔbɛhu sɛ ɛboa ma ɔyare no ano brɛ ase, na ɛboa ma ɔtwe ntontom ase, na ɛboa ma wɔkwati sɛ obi bɛhwe ase ntɛm no nyɛ papa. Wontumi nkyerɛ sɛ mogya mu asikre so tumi ba fam wɔ nnɔbaabere anaa nnɔbaabere ngo so de ngo a ɛho hia no adi dwuma wɔ nnuhwam mu.

Abakɔsɛm

Ɛde besii nnasepɔ mu mmere mu no, na nsupɔw kakraa bi a ɛwɔ Moluccas (wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no, wɔfrɛ no Spice Islands) so na nnɔbae nyin, a Bacan, Makian, Moti, Ternate, ne Tidore ka ho. Nnua bi a wɔfrɛ no Afo a abenfo gye di sɛ ɛno ne nnua a akyɛ paa wɔ wiase wɔ Ternate no betumi adi mfe 350 -400. Austronesianfo na wɔdii kan de nnuhwam yɛɛ adwuma wɔ po so aguadi mu (a ɛfii ase bɛyɛ afe 1500 A.Y.B. mu, na akyiri yi ɛbɛyɛɛ Po so Silk Road ne Spice Trade no fa). Nhwɛso a edi kan a ɛda adi wɔ nnɔbae ho nnɛ no fi Madagascar apuei fam mpoano, na wɔdua wɔ akwan abiɛsa so, monoculture, kuayɛ, ne agroforestry systems. Wɔn a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma mu a wɔfrɛ wɔn Giorgio Buccellati huu nnuhwam bi wɔ fie bi a na wɔato mu gya wɔ 1720 A.Y.B. mu wɔ Terqa, Syria. Eyi ne adanse a edi kan a ɛkyerɛ sɛ na wɔde krasin yɛ adwuma wɔ atɔe fam ansa na Roma mmere reba. Wodii kan bɔɔ ho amanneɛ wɔ afe 1978 mu. Woduu Roma wɔ afeha a edi kan Y.B. mu. Nhwehwɛmufo a wɔhwehwɛɛ tetefo nneɛma mu ahu nnuaba bi wɔ Sri Lanka, a wɔde bɛyɛ 900 -1100 A.Y.B. na ɛyɛe. Sɛ yɛhwɛ China abakɔsɛm a ɛwɔ Song Ahennie (960 to 1279 AD) mu a, na wɔde nnua firi Moluccas no na ɛtu kwan. 36] Wɔkyerɛw nnuaba ho nsɛm wɔ China, Sri Lanka, India Anafo fam, Persia, ne Oman wɔ afeha a ɛto so abiɛsa kosi afeha a ɛto so abien A.Y.B. mu. Nsɛm a wɔka fa "nkyea" ho wɔ China, South Asia, ne Middle East no fi ansa na wɔrehyɛ po so aguadi ase wɔ Asia anafo fam apuei. Nanso eyinom nyinaa yɛ mfomfode a ɛfa afifide afoforo ho (te sɛ cassia ntini, sinamɔn, anaa nutmeg); anaa wɔde fi Po Southeast Asia bae a wɔadi mfomso akyerɛ sɛ efi saa mmeae yi. Wɔn a wotutu fam hwehwɛ tetefo nneɛma mu no nyaa ntɛtea a akyɛ paa wɔ Europa atifi fam atɔe fam wɔ Gribshunden a na ɛyɛ po so hyɛn a na ɛbɔ Danish-Norwegian no mu. Po so hyɛn no sɛee wɔ June 1495 mu bere a na Ɔhene Hans rekɔ Sweden amanyɔsɛm nhyiam bi ase no. Na agude ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ a ebi ne nkate, ginger, ne saffron no bɛhyɛ ahemfo ne asɔre mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ nhyiam no ase no nkuran. Wɔ nnommumfa mmere mu no, na wɔtɔn nnuaba te sɛ ngo, na na wɔhyɛ nnuaba a wɔde kɔ amannɔne no so. Bere a Dutch East India Company nyaa nnuhwam aguadi so tumi wɔ afeha a ɛto so 17 no mu no, wɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wobenya nnuhwam so tumi te sɛ nea na wɔwɔ nnuhwam so tumi no. Nanso, "sɛnea na nnua a wɔfrɛ no nutmeg ne mace, a na ɛwɔ Bandas nketewa no mu no, na nnua a wɔfrɛ no clove no wɔ Moluccas nyinaa, na na nnua a wɔfrɛ no clove no ho aguadi nni tumi biara wɔ polisi adwuma no mu". Wɔka kyerɛ akwantufo sɛ Frenchni bi a wɔfrɛ no Pierre Poivre na owiaa nnua yi so aba wɔ 1770 mu, na ɔde kɔɔ Isle de France (Mauritius), na akyiri yi ɔde kɔɔ Zanzibar, a bere bi na ɛyɛ nnua a ɛso sen biara wɔ wiase no.Nnɛyi nnipa a wɔdi anim wɔ nnɔbaeɛ mu ne Indonesia, Madagascar, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, ne Comoros. Indonesia ne ɔman a ɛso sen biara a ɛbɔ nnuaba pii, nanso nnuaba kakraa bi pɛ na ɛbɔ no, na ɛno bɛyɛ ɔman no nnuaba dodow no mu 10 - 15%. Mpɛn pii no ɛsɛ sɛ wɔtɔ nnɔbae fi Madagascar de di wɔn ahiade ho dwuma.

Nnua a wɔde yɛ nnuru

Eugenol yɛ 72 - 90% a wͻde wͻ ngo a wͻtwe firi nkwan mu, na ɛno na wͻde wͻ nkwan mu huam no. Nsu a wɔde hyɛ mu wɔ 125 °C (257 °F) mu no, wɔtwetwe no koraa wɔ simma 80 mu. Ultrasound-a-boa ne microwave-a-boa akwan a wɔfa so nya no ma wonya no ntɛmntɛm wɔ ahoɔden a ɛsom bo mu. Nkorabata mu nnuru afoforo bi ne acetyl eugenol, beta-caryophyllene, vanillin, crategolic acid, tannins, te sɛ bicornin,gallotannic acid, methyl salicylate, flavonoids eugenin, kaempferol, rhamnetin, ne eugenitin, triterpenoids te sɛ oleanolic acid, stigmasterol, ne campesterol ne sesquiterpenes bebree. Ɛwom sɛ eugenol no ankyerɛ ne nsunsuanso a ebetumi de aba no, nanso wɔdaa no adi sɛ ɛyɛ nsunsuanso ma abɔde a wɔsɔ hwɛ no wɔ nsunsuanso a ɛne 50, 75, ne 100 mg/liter mu.