Mmaranketewa anaa nea United States frɛ no "Bylaws" yɛ mmara ahodoɔ bi a dwumakuo anaa mpɔtam bi ahyehyɛ na wɔde ayɛ adwuma sɛdeɛ mpaninfoɔ binom ama ho kwan. Wɔn a wɔwɔ diberɛ kɛseɛ, ne titire wɔn a wɔhyɛ mmara anaa aban bi de nea ɛbɛtenetene mmara nketewa sɛdeɛ ɛbɛtumi adi dwuma. Nnipa ɛbɛtumi ayɛ mmaranketewa no bi ne nnwumakuo, neighborhood Association, a ɛgyina baabi a wɔn tumi kɔpem, mansini adantam. Wɔ United Kingdom ne commonweath aman ahodoɔ mu no, mmara a asoafeɛ no hyehyɛ no wɔfrɛ no "by(e)- kawa" ɛfiri sɛ Central government no na ɔkyerɛ ɛkwan saa aman no mfa so nyɛ no. Nea ɛhyɛ ma wɔdi mmaranketewa no so no yɛ Canada a ɛne American COde Enforcement officer. Wɔ United States Federal Government ne aban a ɛwɔ nkuro so nni tumi sɛ wɔma mansini adantam mmara no yɛ adwuma. Ne saa nti, sɛ ɛnyɛ mmara a edin bi te sɛ code, ordinance, anaa regulation nyɛ na koraa.

N'abɔseɛ sesa

Merriam -Webster Dictionary kyerɛɛ sɛ mmara ketewa firi borɔfo din bilade, a ɛfiri Old Norse *bylog, firi Old Norse bȳr town + lag-, lǫg mmara.[1]Deina wɔdiikan de dii dwuma a ɛfiri Coming kuro mmara wɔ Danelaw, a by yɛ Old Norse din ma baabi a ɛhɔ so wɔ whitby ne Derby(sɛ wode toto Modern Danish-Norwegian din by a ɛkyerɛ kuro anaasɛ modern Swedish din by a ɛkyerɛ akurase).[2] Ne saa nti, ɛbɛtumi aba sɛ wɔn werɛ fii saa din no na wɔnam adeyɛ kyerɛfoɔ by a asekyerɛ ne mmara a yɛate so anaa nea ɛda nkyɛn(byway) sane de baa biom wɔ ɛnnɛ mmerɛ mu.[2] Wɔ saa kwan mmienu no nyinaa mu no, ɛntwa kwan sɛ obi bɛka sɛ baabi a edin no firi no yɛ kasatɔmmɛ mmaranketewa

Mansini Adantam mmaranketewa sesa

Mansini Adantam mmaranketewa yɛ amansan mmara a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mmaeɛ bi. Ɛnsonsoneɛ a ɛda mmaranketewa ne mmaraɔman no gye tom ne sɛ, ɛnyɛ obiara na ɔyɛɛ mmaranketewa a ɛgye firi aban foforɔ hɔ, na gyesɛ ɛgyina asɛm bi so ansa na watumi ayɛ. Mansini Adantam aban anaa mantam aban a ɛkyerɛ nnoɔma a kuro bi bɛyɛ ɛnam mmaranketewa no so. Ɛyɛ ntamgyinafoɔ mmara. Wɔ ne tumi mu ne beaɛ pɔtee a mpaninfoɔ no ahyɛ ama wɔn no, mansini adantam mmaranketewa no nna nso mfiri mmara a ɛwɔ hɔ no, na wɔbɛtumi de mmara no atwe wɔn aso, wone kɔɔto twe so na ɛne mmara foforɔ bi te sɛ ɔman amammra a ɛwɔ asaase no so na ɛkɔ. Mansini mmaranketewa no fa Public Justice system no mu, na wɔn a wɔtia mmara nso yɛ bɔne a wayɛ atia aban. Mmaranketewa a ɛnyɛ na no bi ne vehicle parking baabi a wɔde ahyɛn so na wɔbu mmara so, animal control, adansie, ɛhyɛn adanseɛ krataaa,dede,zoning and business regulation, ne sɛ wototo amansan nsrahwɛ bea.

Mmaranketewa a ɛwɔ Japan

Wɔ article 94 wɔ Japan amammra mu no, aban a ɔwɔ mantam no ɔgyina ne ho sone tumi wɔ mmara mu a ɔde bɛte mmaranketewa.Wɔ ne dwumadie mu no, saa mmara yi ne Local Autonomy Law na ɛkɔ. Mmaranketewa mu no, mmara a yɛagye atom ma Japanese amammra ka ho.Wɔ ne tumi a ɛhyɛ nnipa ne ne dwumadie mu no, ɛno na ɛsua koraa wɔ mmara no nyinaa mu.

Saa tumi yi na yɛde bu nea ɛdidisoɔ yi:

  • Baabi a aban no akonnwa no wɔ a ɛfata ɔnikorɔ
  • Nhyiamudie a wɔyɛ no dabiara
  • Nea ɛsɛ no no aban ne nkurase ntamgyinafoɔ abɛdiakyire dodoɔ.
  • Nnipa dodoɔ ba ɛyɛ adwuma a yɛde wɔn aka adwumantotoeɛ ho.
  • Baabi a yɛde mmeaɛ a ɛwɔ mantam a ɛgyina wɔn ho so ato.
  • Mansini Adantam bi sikasɛm ntotoeɛ

United Kingdom

Wɔ United Kingdom no, mmaranketewa yɛ mmara a yɛde mampɔtam anaasɛ kakraabi a Local council no yɛɛ, a ɔde tumi a mmarahyɛbedwa Act de maa wɔn na saa na mmara ntamgyinafoɔ teɛ.

Beaeɛ a menyaa mmoa firiiɛ sesa

  1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bylaw
  2. 2.0 2.1 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bylaw