Kéran Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea

national park
IUCN protected areas category	IUCN category II: National Park
continent	Abibiman
Ɔman	Togo
located in the administrative territorial entity	Kéran
location	Savanes Region
coordinate location	10°7′48″N 0°37′8″E, 10°8′0″N 0°41′0″E
heritage designation	Ramsar site

Wɔakyerɛw nsɛm yi wɔ Akuapem kasa mu

Oti-Kéran Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea wɔ Togo atifi fam, wɔ Kara mpɔtam hɔ. Ɔkwan biako pɛ na ɛfa saa beae yi. Nsrahwɛfo pii nkɔ Togo efisɛ ɔman no mmɔnten so atrae atitiriw no na wotumi kɔ hɔ kɛse wɔ Ghana.

Asetra mu nkɛntɛnso

Oti-Kéran Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea no yɛ abɔde akorae a ɛwɔ Togo atifi fam a mfiase no wɔatrɛw mu kɛse fi 1960 mfe no mu no dea. Wɔyɛɛ saa nneyɛe yi a mpɔtam hɔfo ampene so na wɔamfa wɔn ho anhyɛ mu. Sɛ́ anka wobenya sika afi nsrahwɛ ne aguadi hokwan afoforo a ebetumi abata ɔman no mmɔnten so atrae ahorow mu no, woyii nkurɔfo fii wɔn asase so na wogyaee kuayɛ mu nkɔso, na ɛde ohia ne ɔkɔm mpo kɔɔ soro. Bio nso, wuram mmoa - titiriw asono - a wofi mmeae a wɔabɔ ho ban nanso wɔammɔ ho ban no sɛee mfuw ne nnɔbae wɔ mpɔtam a atwa ho ahyia no.^[1] Eyi maa ɛhɔfo no ani nnye mmeae a wɔabɔ ho ban ne wuram mmoa no ho. Wɔ amammui mu basabasayɛ mu wɔ 1990 mu no, ɔtan yi gyaee denam ntua akɛse a wɔtow hyɛɛ mmeae a wɔabɔ ho ban no so ne mmoa a wokunkum wɔn pii, na ɛde nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no sɛee kɛse bae.^[1]

Nhyehyɛe a wɔsan yɛe fi 1999

Esiane ɔsɛe a ɛtrɛw ne nnipa ntua a wɔde baa mmeae a wɔabɔ ho ban no nti, Togo atumfoɔ yɛɛ nsakrae wɔ abɔnten so atrae no hye so fi 1999. Wɔayi mmeae a ɛwɔ akyirikyiri a wobu no sɛ wɔasɛe no dodo sɛ wɔbɛsan ayɛ no abɔde mu de no afi ɔman no mmɔnten so atrae no mu na wɔayi afi aban mu ama nnipa nkɔso. Eyi maa ɔman no mmɔnten so atrae a mprempren wɔato din Oti-Kéran Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea no kɛse so tew fi 179550 koduu hekta 69000.^[2] Wɔayɛ nhyehyɛe sɛ nea aka no bɛyɛ daakye abɔde a nkwa wom a wɔbɛkora so no fa, a Oti-Mandouri Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea no de bɛbata WAP ( W, Arli, Pendjari ) beae nhyehyɛe a wɔabɔ ho ban wɔ Burkina Faso, Benin, ne Niger no ho . Nanso, ɛda so ara wɔ asiane mu esiane nnipa a wɔte hɔ, kotoku a wɔyɛ, fango a wɔyɛ, ne nnipa dwumadi afoforo a ɛwɔ abɔnten so atrae no hye so nti.^[3]

Abɔde a nkwa wom ho nsrahwɛ

Na abɔde a nkwa wom ho nsrahwɛ anya nkɔso yiye wɔ Oti-Kéran Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea ansa na 1990 reba. South Africa adwumakuw bi de sika hyɛɛ nsrahwɛ nhyehyɛe (ahɔhodan, akwan, mmeae a wɔhwɛ nneɛma ne nea ɛkeka ho) ne abɔde a nkwa wom ho nsrahwɛ mu no maa sika a wonyae ɔsram biara fii mmeae a wɔabɔ ho ban sohwɛ mu a ɛbɛyɛ CFA ɔpepem 50-60 (U$100000-120000) wɔ Oti-Kéran nkutoo. Saa bere no na wobu no sɛ ɔmantam nhwɛsode ma mmeae a wɔabɔ ho ban abɔde a nkwa wom ho nsrahwɛ nkɔso na mfonini ahorow da so ara wɔ hɔ a ɛfa asono akuwakuw ne mmeae atitiriw afoforo a ɛtwetwe nsrahwɛfo wɔ Park no mu. Ɛnnɛ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ adwuma no nyinaa asɛe na abɔde a nkwa wom ho nsrahwɛ adwuma no nnya mfii ase ankasa wɔ Oti-Kéran mpɔtam hɔ wɔ bere tenten a ɛde asetra ne amammui mu ɔhaw ahorow bae no akyi. Mpɔtam hɔ nsrahwɛfo kakraa bi pɛ na wofi aman a ɛbemmɛn hɔ (WAP complex Niger, Burkina Faso, Benin) ba, nanso wonni nneɛma anaa dabere a ɛfata wɔ Togo a ɛbɛhyɛ wɔn nkuran ma wɔatra hɔ akyɛ. Ɔman no Nsrahwɛ Dwumadibea no de ne mmɔdenbɔ reto Plateau Mantam no mu na wobu no sɛ ɛho hia sɛ wɔsan hyɛ mmeae a wɔabɔ ho ban wɔ Oti-Keran / Oti-Mandouri Complex no sohwɛ mu den na wɔsan de atrae ne mmoa si hɔ ansa na wɔayɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛfa abɔde a nkwa wom ho nsrahwɛ ho atu mpɔn.^[3]

Mmoa

Ɔsɛe a ɛbaa 1990 mfe no mu no maa mmoa ahorow a ɛwɔ Togo ɔman mmɔnten so atrae ahorow no so tew bere a wɔde totoo nea ɛwɔ Burkina Faso ne Benin a ɛbɛn hɔ no ho no. Nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ afe 2008 mu no bobɔɔ mmoa ahorow a edidi so yi din ɛwom sɛ ɛkae sɛ wɔn gyinabea nyɛ nokware de:^[2]

Mmoa a wɔnom nufusu

Afrika asono (African elephant - Loxodonta africana) - Ade a wɔtaa hu na wɔtwetwe wɔ 1980 mfe no mu, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ ɛkaa kakraa bi na wɔatɔre asono ase wɔ 1990 mfe no mu. Nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ wim wɔ afe 2003 mu no antumi anhu asono wɔ abɔnten so.^[4] Ɛnnɛ, wɔbɔ ankorankoro ne akuw a wotu kɔtra mmeae foforo a ɛba bere ne bere mu ho amanneɛ. UNDP adwuma bi a ɛfiri afe 2010 no botaeɛ ne sɛ wɔbɛsan de mmoa dodoɔ bɛyɛ aduonu asi hɔ wɔ abɔnten so.^[3]
Ngodua kontromfi (Olive baboon - Papio anubis).
Tantalus adoe (Tantalus monkey - Chlorocebus tantalus) - Wɔtaa kyerɛw din sɛ Cercopithecus aethiops .
Patas adoe (Patas monkey - Erythrocebus patas ) - Wɔnam wim nhwehwɛmu bi so sii so dua sɛ saa mmoa yi wɔ hɔ wɔ afe 2003.^[4]
Adowa a yɛ frɛ Kob (Kobus kob kob) - Wɔnam wim nhwehwɛmu bi so sii so dua sɛ saa mmoa yi wɔ hɔ wɔ afe 2003.^[4]
Adabɔ (Waterbuck - Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa) - Wɔnam wim nhwehwɛmu bi so sii so dua sɛ saa mmoa yi wɔ hɔ wɔ afe 2003.^[4]
Adowa a ne ho yɛ kɔkɔɔ (Red-flanked duiker - Cephalophus rufilatus).
Adowa a yɛfrɛ no Common duiker 03.^[4]
Afrika anantwinini (African buffalo - Synceros caffer brachyceros).
Susono
kɔkɔte (Warthog - Phacochoerus africanus africanus ) - Wɔnam wim nhwehwɛmu bi so sii so dua sɛ saa mmoa yi wɔ hɔ wɔ afe 2003.^[4]
Afrika Atɔe Fam gyata (West African lion - Panthera leo senegalensis) - Wɔabɔ gyata ankorankoro ho amanneɛ wɔ mmeae bi, nea etwa to wɔ afe 2005 mu. Gyata biara nni Togo a ɛtra hɔ daa.^[5]
kɔtɔkɔ a ne ho yɛ den (Crested porcupine - Hystrix cristata).
Asase so opurow a ne ho yɛ nsensanee (Striped ground squirrel - Xerus (Euxerus) erythropus erythropus ) .
Aboa a yɛfrɛ no hedgehog a ɛwɔ nansoaa anan (Four-toed hedgehog - Atelerix albiventris).

Nnomaa

Wɔakyerɛw nnomaa ahorow bɛyɛ 214 ho kyerɛwtohɔ, a nea ɛka ho ne:

Krane a ɛwɔ abotiri tuntum (Balearica pavonina).
Goliat Asukɔnkɔn (Goliath heron - Ardea goliath).
Asukɔnkɔn a ne ho yɛ fitaa ([:en:Goliath_heron]Grey heron - Ardea cinerea).
Asukɔnkɔn a n’akyi yɛ pink (Pink-backed pelican - Pelecanus rufescens).
Anomaa a ɛwɔ Musophagidae mmoa abusua no mu. (Violet turaco - Nnua a wɔfrɛ no musophaga violacea).
Anomaa a ɛwɔ Meropidae mmoa abusua no mu menewa yɛ kɔkɔɔ (Red-throated bee-eater - Merops bulocki).
Anomaa a wɔfrɛ no Barbet a ɛwɔ abɔgyesɛ (Bearded barbet - Lybius dubius).
Anomaa a wɔfrɛ no swallow a ne ntaban yɛ pied (Pied-winged swallow - Hirundo leucosoma).
Nnua a wɔfrɛ no rufous cisticola (Cisticola rufus).
Oriole warbler (Hypergerus atiridiinini).
Blackcap a ɔyɛ ɔkwasea (Turdoides reinwardtii).
Nsoromma a ne ho yɛ kɔkɔɔ (Lamprotornis purpureus).
Ɔkraman a ne dua yɛ kɔbere (Lamprotornis chalcurus).
Nkɔmmɔbɔ a wɔfrɛ no robin-chat a ne ti yɛ fitaa (Cossypha albicapilla).
Nkɔmmɔbɔ a ɛyɛ tuntum a anim yɛ fitaa (Myrmecocichla albifrons).
Owia anomaa a ne ho yɛ fɛ (Cinnyris coccinigastrus).
Heuglin ntamanwemfo a ɔhyɛ akatawia (Ploceus heuglini).
Pytilia a ne ntaban kɔkɔɔ (Pytilia phoenicoptera).
Ogya a wɔfrɛ no firefinch a ne nufu yɛ bar (Lagonosticta rufopicta).
Ogya a wɔfrɛ no firefinch a n’anim yɛ tuntum (Lagonosticta larvata).
Lavender a wɔfrɛ no waxbill (Estrilda caerulescens) a wɔfrɛ no waxbill.
Paradise a wɔde teɛm whydah (Vidua interjecta).
Togo paradise whydah (Vidua togoensis).
Bunting a ne ho yɛ bruu (Emberiza affinis).

Nnomaa a wɔwea fam

Afrika Atɔe Fam akokɔsrade (West African crocodile - Crocodylus suchus) - Kan no na wɔakyerɛw no sɛ nile akokɔsrade (C. niloticus)^[3]

Nsɛm a wɔde gyinaa so

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Tchamie, T.T.K. (1994). "Learning from local hostility to protected areas in Togo". FAO Corporate Document Repository.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 UICN/PACO (2008). Evaluation de l'efficacité de la gestion des aires protégées: aires protégées du Togo (PDF) (in French). Ouagadougou: UICN-PACO. p. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 UNDP (2010). Strengthening the conservation role of Togo’s national System of Protected Areas (PA) (PDF). UNDP. p. 157. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Bouché, P.; Lungren, C.G.; Hien, B; Omondi, P (2004). Aerial Total Count of the "W"-Arli-Pendjari-Oti-Mandouri-Keran (WAPOK)Ecosystem in West Africa, April-May 2003.Definite Report February 2004 (PDF). PAUCOF/MIKE/GAFD/EU. p. 108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
↑ Lion ALERT (2014). "Lions (Panthera leo) in Togo". Lion ALERT. Archived from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2022-12-19.

[tchamie19942-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Tchamie, T.T.K. (1994). "Learning from local hostility to protected areas in Togo". FAO Corporate Document Repository.

[UICN20082-2] 2.0 ^2.1 UICN/PACO (2008). Evaluation de l'efficacité de la gestion des aires protégées: aires protégées du Togo (PDF) (in French). Ouagadougou: UICN-PACO. p. 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.

[UNDP20102-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 UNDP (2010). Strengthening the conservation role of Togo’s national System of Protected Areas (PA) (PDF). UNDP. p. 157. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.

[Boucheetal20042-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 Bouché, P.; Lungren, C.G.; Hien, B; Omondi, P (2004). Aerial Total Count of the "W"-Arli-Pendjari-Oti-Mandouri-Keran (WAPOK)Ecosystem in West Africa, April-May 2003.Definite Report February 2004 (PDF). PAUCOF/MIKE/GAFD/EU. p. 108. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2014.

[lionalert20142-5] Lion ALERT (2014). "Lions (Panthera leo) in Togo". Lion ALERT. Archived from the original on 2019-11-14. Retrieved 2022-12-19.

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